Packed Columns with conical Joints The diameter of the column defines the throughput and the acceptable pressure drop, while the height defines the distillate purity. Uncontrolled condensation on the column walls is reduced by insulation with silver coated vacuum jackets (10-6 mbar). The vacuum jacket has viewing strips.
The column type and its packing also influence separation efficiency.
Packed Columns with spherical/conical joints

Packed Columns with Spherical Joints

Vigreux Columns with Conical Joints Vigreux Columns have a lower separating efficiency than packed columns with Rasching rings but can work with small volumes of fluid and produce low pressure losses.

Vigreux Columns with Conical/Spherical Joints

Vigreaux Colmns with Spherical Joints

Bubble Tray Columns with Spherical Joints Bubble Cap Tray Columns have high separating efficiencies, they are very suitable for analysis of processes that will be substantially scaled up.

Bubble Tray Column with Insulation